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Headford Ambush
The Headford Ambush took place on 21 March 1921, during the Irish War of Independence.
The Second Kerry Brigade (South Kerry) of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) ambushed a train carrying British troops at Headford Junction railway station (near Killarney, County Kerry). A total of at least 16 people died in the incident – 10 British soldiers, 2 IRA volunteers and 4 civilians (including an informer killed after the ambush).
==Background==
The guerrilla war in Kerry escalated rapidly in the spring of 1921. The county was occupied by the British Army, Auxiliary Division and Black and Tan paramilitary police, as well as the Royal Irish Constabulary. In the months before the ambush, they had begun rounding up male inhabitants of nearby towns and villages and searching them to find IRA suspects. They first did this in Tralee on 11 January. On 23 January, in response to the assassination of RIC District Inspector Sullivan (who was shot while walking with his five-year-old son) by the IRA, 1,000 soldiers and armed police surrounded Ballymacelligott, arrested 240 men and marched them to Tralee for questioning. British forces, especially the Auxiliaries, also carried out a number of reprisal shootings on local civilians.
In response, the IRA set up full-time guerrilla units (known as flying columns), to avoid arrest and to assemble units capable of taking on British patrols. On 2 March, the Second Kerry Brigade set up its own flying column under Danny Allman and Tom McEllistrim. On 5 March, McEllistrim led 20 volunteers from the column to a successful ambush at Clonbanin, in which they co-operated with Cork IRA units, killing four British soldiers (including Brigadier General Cumming).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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